Comment on 'The use of a priori data to resolve non-uniqueness in linear inversion' by D. D. Jackson     

P. C. Sabatier 《Geophysical Journal International》1979,58(2):523-524

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Present-day deformation of the Dauphine Alpine and Subalpine massifs (SE France)     

Joseph Martinod  Francois Jouanne  Xavier Darmendrail  Jean-Cyrille Notter  Christophe Basile  Joel Taverna  Gilles Mhard  Jean-Francois Gamond 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(1):189-200

The positions of 20 geodetic points surveyed in 1946-1952 by the Institut Géographique National in the Grenoble area (western Alps) were remeasured in 1993-1994 using GPS. We evaluate the displacements of the common points of the networks between the two surveys, and calculate the strain-rate tensors for different sets of three adjacent points. The significant N70° shortening direction observed at the boundary of the Belledonne and Taillefer massifs suggests that the dextral strike-slip motion between the External Crystalline Massifs (ECM) and the Subalpine domain is still active. Geological evidence suggests that this deformation, which is compatible with the few focal mechanisms available for the area, occurred throughout the late Neogene. Our data also suggest a roughly 3-5 mm yr⁻¹ active shortening concentrated at the external front of the Subalpine chains. This thrust motion results in a principal axis of compression orientated N130°, oblique to the direction of shortening observed in the ECM. This change in direction is also seen in in situ stress measurements. This motion may mark the southward continuation of the active fault observed in the Jura mountains by Jouanne, Ménard & Darmendrail (1995).  相似文献   

Characterization of Late Cretaceous to Miocene source rocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: An integrated numerical approach of stratigraphic forward modelling and petroleum system modelling     

Sebastian Grohmann  W. Susanne Fietz  Fadi H. Nader  Maria‐Fernanda Romero‐Sarmiento  Francois Baudin  Ralf Littke 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):846-874

Stratigraphic forward modelling was used to simulate the deposition of Upper Cretaceous, Eocene and Oligo‐Miocene source rocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and, thus, obtain a process‐based 3D prediction of the quantity and quality distribution of organic matter (OM) in the respective intervals. Upper Cretaceous and Eocene models support the idea of an upwelling‐related source rock formation along the Levant Margin and the Eratosthenes Seamount (ESM). Along the margin, source rock facies form a narrow band of 50 km parallel to the palaeo shelf break, with high total organic carbon (TOC) contents of about 1% to 11%, and HI values of 300–500 mg HC/g TOC. On top of the ESM, TOC contents are mainly between 0.5% and 3% and HI values between 150 and 250 mg HC/g TOC. At both locations, TOC and HI values decrease rapidly towards the deeper parts of the basin. In the Oligo‐Miocene intervals, terrestrial OM makes up the highest contribution to the TOC content, as marine organic matter (OM) is diluted by high‐sedimentation rates. In general, TOC contents are low (<1%), but are distributed relatively homogenously throughout the whole basin, creating poor quality, but very thick source rock intervals of 1–2 km of cumulative thickness. The incorporation of these source rock models into a classic petroleum system model could identify several zones of thermal maturation in the respective source rock intervals. Upper Cretaceous source rocks started petroleum generation in the late Palaeocene/early Eocene with peak generation between 20 and 15 Ma ca. 50 km offshore northern Lebanon. Southeast of the ESM, generation started in the early Eocene with peak generation between 18 and 15 Ma. Eocene source rocks started HC generation ca. 25 Ma ago between 50 and 100 km southeast of the ESM and reached the oil to wet gas window at present day. However, until today they have converted less than 20% of their initial kerogen. Although the Miocene source rocks are mostly immature, Oligocene source rocks lie within the oil window in the southern Levant Basin and reached the onset of the wet gas window in the northern Levant Basin. However, only 10%–20% of their initial kerogen have been transformed to date.  相似文献   

Seismic stratigraphy and paleogeographic evolution of Fairway Basin,Northern Zealandia,Southwest Pacific: from Cretaceous Gondwana breakup to Cenozoic Tonga–Kermadec subduction          下载免费PDF全文

Pierrick Rouillard  Julien Collot  Rupert Sutherland  Francois Bache  Martin Patriat  Samuel Etienne  Pierre Maurizot 《Basin Research》2017,29(Z1):189-212

We present the first comprehensive seismic‐stratigraphic analysis of Fairway Basin, which is situated on the rifted continent of Zealandia in the Tasman Sea, southwest Pacific, between Australia and New Caledonia. The basin is 700 km long, 150 km wide, and has water depths of 500–3000 m. We describe depositional architecture and paleogeographic evolution of this basin. Basin formation was concurrent with two tectonic events: (i) Cretaceous rifting during eastern Gondwana breakup and (ii) initiation and Cenozoic evolution of Tonga–Kermadec subduction system to the east of the basin. To interpret the basin history we compiled and interpreted 2D seismic‐reflection profiles and make correlations with DSDP boreholes and the geology of New Caledonia. Five seismic‐stratigraphic units were defined. The deepest and oldest unit, FW3, folded and faulted can be correlated with volcaniclastic sediments and magmatic rocks in New Caledonia that are associated with Mesozoic Gondwana margin subduction. Alternatively, given the basin location 200–300 km west of New Caledonia and inboard of the ancient plate boundary, the unit could have formed as Gondwana intra‐continental basin with no known correlative. The overlying unit FW2b records syn‐rift deposition, probably associated with Cretaceous Gondwana breakup. Subaerial erosion supplied terrigenous sediment into the deltas in the northern part of the basin, as suggested by the truncation surfaces on the basement highs and sigmoid reflector geometries within unit FW2b respectively. Above, unit FW2a records post‐rift sedimentation and passive subsidence as the Tasman Sea opened and the Fairway Basin drifted away from Australia. Subsidence led to the flooding of the basement highs and burial of wave‐cut surfaces. Eocene compressive deformation resulted in minor folding and tilting within the Fairway Basin and was associated with the formation of many diapiric structures. The top of unit FW2 is an extensive unconformity that is associated with erosion and truncation on surrounding ridges. Above this unconformity, unit FW1b is interpreted as a turbidite system sourced from topography created during the Eocene tectonic event, which we interpret as being related to Tonga–Kermadec subduction initiation. Pelagic carbonate sedimentation is now prevalent. Unit FW1a has progressively draped the basin during Oligocene to Pleistocene subsidence. Many small volcanic cones were erupted during this final phase of subsidence, either as a delayed consequence of subduction initiation, or related to Tasmantid and Lord Howe hotspot trails. The northern Fairway Ridge remains close to sea level and its reef system continues to supply carbonate detrital sediments into the basin, most likely during sea‐level lowstands. Fairway Basin contains a nearly continuous record of tectonic and paleoclimatic events in the southwest Pacific since Cretaceous time. Its paleogeographic history is a key piece in the puzzle for understanding patterns of regional biodiversity in the southwest Pacific.  相似文献   

Liquidus temperatures and phase compositions in the system Qz-Ab-Or at 5 kbar and very low water activities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andreas Becker  Francois Holtz  Wilhelm Johannes 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,130(3-4):213-224

Liquidus phase relations have been experimentally determined in the systems Qz-Ab-Or-(H₂O), Qz-Ab-(H₂O) and Qz-Or-(H₂O) at H₂O-undersaturated conditions (a _H2O = 0.07) and P = 5 kbar. Starting materials were homogeneous synthetic glasses containing 1 wt% H₂O. The liquidus temperatures were bracketed by crystallization and dissolution experiments. The results of kinetic studies showed that crushed glasses are the best starting materials to overcome undercooling and to minimize the temperature difference between the lowest temperature of complete dissolution (melting) and the highest temperature at which crystallization can be observed. At P = 5 kbar and a _H2O = 0.07, the Qz-Ab eutectic composition is Qz₃₂Ab₆₈ at 1095 °C (±10 °C) and the Qz-Or eutectic is Qz₃₈Or₆₂ at 1030 °C (±10 °C). The minimum temperature of the ternary system Qz-Ab-Or is 990 °C (±10 °C) and the minimum composition is Qz₃₂Ab₃₅‐ Or₃₃. The Qz content of the minimum composition in the system Qz-Ab-Or-H₂O remains constant with changing a _H2O. The normative Or content, however, increases by approximately 10 wt% with decreasing a _H2O from 1 to 0.07. Such an increase has already been observed in the system Qz-Ab-Or-H₂O-CO₂ at high a _H2O and it is concluded that the use of CO₂ to reduce water activities does not influence the composition of the minima in quartz-feldspar systems. The determined liquidus temperature in melts with 1 wt% H₂O is very similar to that obtained in previous nominally “dry” experiments. This discrepancy is interpreted to be due to problems in obtaining absolutely dry conditions. Thus, the hitherto published solidus and liquidus temperatures for “dry” conditions are probably underestimated. Received: 27 March 1997 / Accepted: 1 October 1997  相似文献   

Nonstationarity of the Mean and Unbiased Variogram Estimation: Extension of the Weighted Least-Squares Method   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Francois Beckers  Patrick Bogaert 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(2):223-240

When concerned with spatial data, it is not unusual to observe a nonstationarity of the mean. This nonstationarity may be modeled through linear models and the fitting of variograms or covariance functions performed on residuals. Although it usually is accepted by authors that a bias is present if residuals are used, its importance is rarely assessed. In this paper, an expression of the variogram and the covariance function is developed to determine the expected bias. It is shown that the magnitude of the bias depends on the sampling configuration, the importance of the dependence between observations, the number of parameters used to model the mean, and the number of data. The applications of the expression are twofold. The first one is to evaluate a priori the importance of the bias which is expected when a residuals-based variogram model is used for a given configuration and a hypothetical data dependence. The second one is to extend the weighted least-squares method to fit the variogram and to obtain an unbiased estimate of the variogram. Two case studies show that the bias can be negligible or larger than 20%. The residual-based sample variogram underestimates the total variance of the process but the nugget variance may be overestimated.  相似文献   

Analysis of vessel influence on spatial behaviour of fish schools using a multi-beam sonar and consequences for biomass estimates by echo-sounder     

Soria  Marc; Freon  Pierre; Gerlotto  Francois 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(2):453-458

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The influence of tidal streams on the pre-spawning movements of atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L., in the St Lawrence estuary     

Lacoste  Karine N.; Munro  Jean; Castonguay  Martin; Saucier  Francois J.; Gagne  Jacques A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(6):1286-1298

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The switching between zonal and blocked mid-latitude atmospheric circulation: a dynamical system perspective     

Davide Faranda  Giacomo Masato  Nicholas Moloney  Yuzuru Sato  Francois Daviaud  Bérengère Dubrulle  Pascal Yiou 《Climate Dynamics》2016,47(5-6):1587-1599

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A revised stratigraphic framework for later Cenozoic sequences in the northeastern Mediterranean region     

Cengiz Yetiş  Gilbert Kelling  Prof. Dr. Sungu L. Gökçen  Francois Baroz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(4):794-812

This study describes the lithostratigraphic character of mid-Cenozoic (Oligocene-Pliocene) sequences in different parts of the northeastern Mediterranean area and offers a detailed stratigraphic correlation for this region. The sequences concerned are drawn from the Camardi area (south-central Anatolia), the Adana Basin, the Misis Mountains and the Kyrenia Range (northern Cyprus) and the submerged Florence Rise (west of Cyprus). The stratigraphic relationships identified here indicate the following: (a) Following the middle Eocene (Lutetian) regression there was uplift throughout the entire region; (b) Episodes of fluvial and lacustrine deposition in intramontane settings ensued in most of this region during the late Eocene/early Miocene interval; (c) Following a regionally extensive phase of tectonic compression, major marine transgression commenced in the late Oligocene in northern Cyprus and in the early Miocene in adjacent southern Turkey, with the exception of the Ecemi§ Fault Zone where continental deposition continued; (d) These Oligo-Miocene transgressive sequences comprise a broadly diachronous complex of both shallow and deeper marine facies, including reefal carbonates, littoral clastics, basinal shales and fan-turbidites; (e) Deeper marine Miocene facies persisted longer in the Misis area and in northern Cyprus; (f) A regional regression occurred throughout most of the area during the late Serravallian to Tortonian interval and is marked by the abrupt, locally discordant appearance of extensive shallow marine, deltaic and fluvial deposits; (g) Continued regression in the Messinian led to the formation of significant evaporite deposits in the western and southern parts of the region, but localized uplift of the Misis area is attested by the initial deformation of the Neogene rocks there and the absence of Messinian sediments from this area; (h) In the Pliocene there was extensive emergence of the northern parts of the region interrupted by brief marine incursions. The present-day drainage pattern was established at this time; (i) Marine conditions persisted longer in northern Cyprus, where emergence occurred only in the latest Pliocene.  相似文献